The heartworm looks like a long white worm and lives in a dog’s heart. It can also live in the blood vessels near the heart and lungs.
Baby Heartworms:
- First affect the lungs
- Then enter the heart and slow down the oxygen flow to other organs
Adult Heartworms:
- First affect the heart–enlarging it, causing long-term damage
- The liver and kidneys may also get damaged
Heartworms are easily preventable. They can be fatal if not treated. The treatment can cause serious side effects.
CAUSES:
Mosquitoes spread heartworms.
When a mosquito bites an infected dog, it ingests immature heartworms, which mature inside the mosquito. If that same mosquito bites your dog, your dog will get infected.
SIGNS:
A lot of damage can occur before you notice any signs. These signs include:
- Cough, sometimes bloody
- Loss of appetite
- Low energy
If the disease has reached a critical stage, signs include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Weakness
- Fainting
At this point, damage to major organs is severe, treatment is difficult, and the chance of full recovery is low.
DIAGNOSIS:
To diagnose your dog with heartworms, your veterinarian will perform the following:
- Blood tests: The amount of heartworms that are in the blood show how advanced the disease is
- Ultrasounds of the heart: to check the heart’s condition
- Chest x-rays: to check the lung’s condition
Based on this information, and your dog’s medical history, your veterinarian will diagnose your dog.
TREATMENT:
If you catch heartworms early enough, there is a great chance for treatment to be successful.
Baby Heartworms: Heartworm preventives will kill baby heartworms. In most cases, your veterinarian will admit your dog to the hospital for observation, and then do another blood test to make sure the heartworms are gone.
Adult Heartworms: If your dog has adult worms, the baby worms must be treated first. Your veterinarian will recommend 1 to 3 months of a preventive treatment before treating the adult worms.
Once the baby worms are gone, your veterinarian will most likely prescribe three doses of ImmiticideTM.
- First dose: painful injection into your dog’s lower back muscles with a 30% chance of reaction at the injection site – treatment and pain medication may be prescribed, as well as an overnight hospital stay for observation
- Home rest: it is crucial that your dog rests for 30 days to allow the adult worms to die, disintegrate, and absorb into the dog’s body. Any excitement will disrupt this, and could lead to sudden heart failure and death
- Last two doses: once the adult heartworms are gone, your dogwill be admitted into the hospital for two more injections, given 24 hours apart. These get rid of any baby worms still in the bloodstream.
After treatment, you must make sure your dog has complete rest to prevent lung damage from the decomposing worms. Avoid exercise for at least a month, and gradually return to normal activity.
Extremely serious heartworm cases may require surgical removal of the worms.
PREVENTION:
If your dog had heartworms and was treated, it can get the disease again if you are not careful to follow a monthly preventive plan.
Most veterinarians recommend:
- Monthly heartworm-prevention medication beginning at 6 weeks of age
- Heartworm tests beginning regularly at 6 months of age
PROGNOSIS:
If you catch the heartworms early, there is an excellent prognosis. Life-threatening complications may arise from both the disease and the treatment, depending on the number of worms and the stage of infection.